UNIT I: Concept and scope of Macro Economics; Macroeconomic Paradoxes: wage-employment paradox and the paradox of thrift, The Circular flow of income and expenditure. The Analysis and Measurement of Economic Activity–National Income Accounting: Concept and Definitions of National Income. Various components of National Income, Methods of Measurement of National Income and Welfare.

Unit II: Classical Macroeconomic Models—Say’s Law, Quantity Theory of Money, Wage-Price Flexibility, and Full employment. Aggregate Expenditure–Consumption Function: Concepts of propensities of consumption and saving. Absolute Income Hypothesis, Relative Income Hypothesis; Consumption Puzzle, and Permanent Consumption Hypothesis. Investment Function: Types, Marginal Efficiency of Capital (MEC), and Marginal Efficiency of Investment (MEI).

Unit III: The Concept of Multiplier; National Income Determination in an Open Economy IS-LM Analysis–Derivation of IS and LM Functions; Joint determination of National Income and rate of Interest and Shift and IS and LM Curves.

Unit IV: Theory of Inflation–Meaning, types and measurement, Demand-Pull, and Cost-Push Inflation. The Philips Curve, Effects of Inflation, Anti-Inflation Policies – Monetary and Fiscal Policies. Business Cycles – concept, types, and phases; Keynes, Hawtrey, Hicks Models.

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This book is the outcome of my experience of three and a half decades of the teaching of Macro-economics to graduate and post-graduate students. The concepts are articulated in such a manner that the learners would learn them quickly and easily. The book is in simple language in detail and presented in a lucid style. While writing this book, it has been especially kept in mind that complicated and complex concepts are made into pleasurable reading and learning experience which shall truly help the students in getting complete command over the subject. An attempt has been made to keep the writing style simple and clearly understandable for readers. Though the book has been presented in the traditional format, the analysis covers all important recent developments.

Macro Economics book For B.Com. Semester V of Lucknow University

UNIT I: Concept and scope of Macro Economics; Macroeconomic Paradoxes: wage-employment paradox and the paradox of thrift, The Circular flow of income and expenditure. The Analysis and Measurement of Economic Activity–National Income Accounting: Concept and Definitions of National Income. Various components of National Income, Methods of Measurement of National Income and Welfare.

Unit II: Classical Macroeconomic Models—Say’s Law, Quantity Theory of Money, Wage-Price Flexibility, and Full employment. Aggregate Expenditure–Consumption Function: Concepts of propensities of consumption and saving. Absolute Income Hypothesis, Relative Income Hypothesis; Consumption Puzzle, and Permanent Consumption Hypothesis. Investment Function: Types, Marginal Efficiency of Capital (MEC), and Marginal Efficiency of Investment (MEI).

Unit III: The Concept of Multiplier; National Income Determination in an Open Economy IS-LM Analysis–Derivation of IS and LM Functions; Joint determination of National Income and rate of Interest and Shift and IS and LM Curves.

Unit IV: Theory of Inflation–Meaning, types and measurement, Demand-Pull, and Cost-Push Inflation. The Philips Curve, Effects of Inflation, Anti-Inflation Policies – Monetary and Fiscal Policies. Business Cycles – concept, types, and phases; Keynes, Hawtrey, Hicks Models.

Macro Economics Book Contents

1. Concept and Scope of Macro Economics
2. The Circular Flow of Income and Expenditure
3. National Income Accounting (Social Accounting)
4. National Income (Concept, Components, and Measurement)
5. National Income and Economic Welfare
6. Classical Macro-Economic Model’S (Say’S Law, Wage-Price Flexibility and Full Employment)
7. Keynesian Theory of Employment
8. Quantity Theory of Money and Keynes’S Theory of Money and Prices
9. Consumption Function
10. Theories of Consumption Function
11. Investment Function and Marginal Efficiency of Capital
12. The Concept of Multiplier
13. National Income Determination in an Open Economy
14. IS-LM Analysis
15. Theory of Inflation
16. Measurement of Inflation: Price Index Numbers
17. he Principle of Acceleration and The Super Multiplier
18. Business Cycles

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अर्थशास्त्र Macro Economics Syllabus For B.Com. (Hons.) Semester II of Kolhan University

Unit I: Introduction to Macroeconomics and National Income Accounting: Basic issues studied in macroeconomics; measurement of a gross domestic product; income, expenditure and the circular flow; real versus nominal GDP; price indices; national income accounting for an open economy; a balance of payments: current and capital accounts.

Unit II: Money: Functions of money; quantity theory of money, Cambridge Equation and Fischer Equation; determination of money supply and demand; credit creation; tools of monetary policy.

Unit III: Inflation: Inflation and its social costs; hyperinflation. Unemployment-The tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.

Unit IV: The Closed Economy in the Short Run: Classical and Keynesian systems; simple Keynesian model of income determination.

Unit V: Open Economy: Flow of goods and capital. Saving and investment in a small and a large open economy, exchange rates, Mundell-Fleming model with fixed and flexible prices in a small open economy with fixed and flexible exchange rates, interest rates, interest rates differential case of a large economy.

अर्थशास्त्र Macro Economics Syllabus For B.Com. (Hons.) Semester III of Ranchi University

Unit I: Introduction: Concepts and variables of macroeconomics, income, expenditure and the circular flow, components of expenditure. Static macroeconomic analysis short and the long-run – determination of supply, determination of demand and conditions of equilibrium.

Unit II: Economy in the short run: IS-LM framework, fiscal and monetary policy, determination of aggregate demand, shifts in aggregate demand, aggregate supply in the short and long run and aggregate demand, aggregate supply analysis.

Unit III: Inflation, causes of rising and falling inflation, inflation and interest rates, social costs of inflation. Unemployment – the natural rate of unemployment, frictional and wait for unemployment.

Unit IV: Labour market and its interaction with the production system, Phillips Curve, the trade-off between inflation and unemployment, sacrifice ratio, the role of expectations, adaptive and rational.

Unit V: Behaviour Foundations – Investment – determinants of business fixed investment, the effect of the tax, determinants of residential investment and inventory investment. Demand for Money – Portfolio and transaction theories of demand for real balances, interest and income elasticity of demand for real balances. Supply of money

अर्थशास्त्र Macro Economics Book विषय-सूची

1. समष्टि अर्थशास्त्र (अवधारणा, प्रकृति, क्षेत्र, महत्व, मुद्दे एवं सीमाएं)
2. राष्ट्रीय आय (अर्थ एवं परिभाषाएं, विभिन्न अवधारणाएं, हरित जी. एन. पी., गणना, महत्व)
3. आय का चक्रीय प्रवाह तथा राष्ट्रीय आय समिकाएं
4. कीमत सूचकांक
5. खुली अर्थव्यवस्था में राष्ट्रीय आय लेखांकन
6. भुगतान सन्तुलन (या शेष): चालू खाता व पूंजी खाता
7. मुद्रा: परिभाषा एवं कार्य
8. मुद्रा का परिमाण सिद्धान्त: फिशर तथा कैम्ब्रिज समीकरण
9. मुद्रा की मांग का निर्धारण
10. मुद्रा की पूर्ति का निर्धारण
11. साख निर्माण
12. मौद्रिक नीति के उपकरण
13. मुद्रा-स्फीति तथा इसकी सामाजिक लागतेंय अति स्फीति
14. मुद्रा-स्फीति तथा बेरोजगारी: फिलिप्स वक्र
15. प्रतिष्ठित प्रणाली
16. केन्सीय प्रणाली (रोजगार का केन्सीय सिद्धान्त)
17. आय निर्धारण का सरल केन्सीय माॅडल
18. खुली अर्थव्यवस्था में वस्तुव पूंजी का प्रवाह
19. बचत फलन
20. विनियोग (अथवा निवेश) फलन
21. विनिमय दरें
22. मुण्डेल-फ्लेमिंग
23. ब्याज दरें तथा ब्याज दर विभेद
24. सन्तुलन (या साम्य) की शर्तें
25. IS-LM माॅडल: वस्तु तथा मुद्रा बाजारों का सामान्य सन्तुलन
26. राजकोषीय नीति

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