इस वर्ष इस पुस्तक का अंग्रेजी संस्करण भी प्रकाशित हो रहा है। यद्यपि कार्बनिक रसायन में अंग्रेजी हिन्दी माध्यम का अधिक अन्तर नहीं पड़ता है, क्योंकि सूत्र एवं समीकरण तो सभी अंग्रेजी में ही होंगे, फिर भी अंग्रेजी माध्यम के विद्यार्थियों का आग्रह रहा ही है कि पुस्तकों के अंग्रेजी संस्करण भी आएं। इस प्रक्रम में इस पुस्तक का रिवीजन बहुत ही पूर्णता से हुआ है, इसके उपरान्त भी यदि विद्यार्थी एवं अध्यापक वर्ग को इसमें कोई कमी या त्रुटि नजर आए तो निःसंकोच हमें अपने सुझाव दे सकते हैं। बाजार में उपलब्ध अन्य पुस्तकों की तुलना में हमारी पुस्तक में अनेक विशेषताएं हैं, जिनके कारण यह पुस्तक एक अद्वितीय पुस्तक है:

• इसमें नए पाठ्यक्रम का अक्षरशः पालन किया गया है, कोई ऐसी सामग्री नहीं है, जो पाठ्यक्रम में हो और हमारी पुस्तक में नहीं हो। जब तक बहुत जरूरी न हो हमने ऐसी कोई सामग्री नहीं दी है, जो पाठ्यक्रम में नहीं हो।
• पारम्परिक चित्रों के अतिरिक्त कई नए व मूल चित्रों की सहायता से हमने विषय को आसानी से समझने योग्य बनाने का प्रयास किया है।
• प्रत्येक अध्याय के अन्त में हमने स्मरण रखने योग्य बिन्दु दे रखे हैं, इनके पढ़ने से एक नजर में विद्यार्थी का पूरे अध्याय का रिवीजन हो जाएगा।
• परीक्षा के दिन भी इन बिन्दुओं को पढ़कर जाने से उसे पूरी पुस्तक ध्यान में आ जाएगी।
• समस्त शीर्षक एवं महत्वपूर्ण पदों के अंग्रेजी शब्द भी कोष्ठक में दिए हैं।
• सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण विशेषता जो इस पुस्तक की है, वह है इसकी सरल, सौम्य, अपनी बोलचाल की भाषा। रसायन विज्ञान अपने आप में कोई बहुत आसान विषय नहीं है। ऐसे में यदि भाषा की क्लिष्टता हो, तो बेचारा वह मासूम छात्र तो घबरा ही जाएगा, जो अभी-अभी स्कूल छोड़कर काॅलेज में आया है। हमारी पुस्तक पढ़ते हुए विद्यार्थी को यह नहीं लगेगा कि वह कोई क्लिष्ट पुस्तक पढ़ रहा है, बल्कि उसे यह लगेगा कि एक बहुत ही प्यारी सी टीचर उसे रसायन पढ़ा रही है, विज्ञान की बारीकियां समझा रही है।
• विषय-सामग्री देते हुए हमने हर पल इस बात का ध्यान रखा है कि यह पुस्तक प्रथम वर्ष के विद्यार्थियों के लिए है, जिसे यह पुस्तक पढ़कर, समझकर, याद करके परीक्षा में प्रश्न-पत्र को हल करना है और उत्तम परीक्षा परिणाम देना है।

कार्बनिक रसायन विज्ञान Organic Chemistry Book Syllabus For University of Rajasthan Jaipur, PT. Deendayal Upadhyaya Shekhawati University Sikar, Raj Rishi Bharthari Matsya University Alwar, Maharaja Surajmal Brij University Bharatpur, B.Sc. Part-I Paper-II

Unit-I:

• Mechanism of Organic Reactions : Homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage. Types of reagents, electrophiles and nucleophiles. Reactive intermediates—carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with examples). Types of organic reactions. Energy considerations. Methods of determination of reaction mechanism (product analysis, intermediates, isotope effects, kinetic and stereochemical studies).

Unit-II:

• Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: Concept of isomerism. Types of isomerism. Difference between configuration and conformation, Flying wedge and Fischer projection formulae.
• Optical Isomerism: Elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centre, optical activity. Properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centres. Diastereomers, threo and erythro isomers, meso compounds. Resolution of enantiomers. Inversion, retention and recemization (with examples).
• Relative and absolute configuration: Sequence rules, D/L and R/S systems of nomenclature.
• Geometric Isomerism: Determination of configuration of geometric isomers-cis/trans and E/Z systems of nomenclature. Geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds.
• Conformational Isomerism: Newman projection and Sawhorse formulae, Conformational analysis of ethane, n-butane, cyclohexane.

Unit-III:

• Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: IUPAC nomenclature of branched and unbranched alkyl group, classification of carbon atoms in alkanes. Methods of formation (with special reference of Wurtz reaction, Kolbe reaction,
  Corey-House reaction and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids). Physical properties and chemical reactions of alkanes. Mechanism of free radical halogenation orientation, reactivity and selectivity.
• Cycloalkanes: nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions. Baeyer’s strain theory and its limitations. Theory of strainless rings. K:\APPl-A\A066\2018\SYL.chp\Ist\18-5-2018\SKChauhan
• Alkenes, Cycloalkenes, Dienes and Alkynes: Methods of formation, mechanisms of dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides. Regioselectivity in alcohol dehydration. The Saytzeff rule,
  Hoffmann elimination, Physical properties and relative stabilities of alkenes. Chemical reactions of alkenes-mechanisms involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radical additions. Markownikoff’s rule, hydroboration- oxidation, oxymercuration-reduction. Epoxidation, ozonolysis, hydration, hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO4, Polymerization of alkenes. Substitution at the allylic and vinylic positions of alkenes.
  Classification and Nomenclature of isolated conjugated and cumulated dienes. Structure of allenes and butadiene. Methods of formation, properties, Chemical reactions 1,2- and 1,4 aditions, Diels-Alder reaction
  and polymerization. Structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of formation. Chemical reactions -acidity of alkynes; mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions; hydroboration-oxidation, metal-ammonia reduction, oxidation and polymerization.

Unit-IV:

• Arenes and Aromaticity: Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. The aryl group, aromatic nucleus and side chain. Structure of benzene : molecular formula and Kekule structure. Stability and carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance structure, MO diagram.
• Aromaticity: The Huckel rule, aromatic ions—three to eight membered.
• Aromatic electrophilic substitution: General pattern of the mechanism, role of sigma and pi complexes. Mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, mercuration, Friedel-Crafts reactions and chloromethylation. Energy profile diagrams. Activating and deactivating substituents. Directive influence : orientation and ortho/para ratio. Side chain reactions of benzene derivatives. Birch reduction.

Unit-V:

• Alkyl and Aryl Halides: Methods of formation of alkyl halides, chemical reactions. Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides, Sn2 and Sn1 reactions with energy profile diagrams.
• Polyhalogen compounds: Chloroform, Carbon tetrachloride. Methods of formation of aryl halides, nuclear and side chain reactions. The addition-elimination and the elimination-addition mechanism of nucleophilic
  aromatic substitution reactions. Relative reactivities of alkyl, vinyl and aryl halides.

कार्बनिक रसायन विज्ञान Organic Chemistry Book Syllabus For Kota University, Kota B.Sc. I Paper-II

Unit-I:

• Structure and Bonding: Hybridization, bond lengths and bond angles, bond energy, localized and delocalized chemical bonds, vander waals interactions, inclusion compounds, clatherates, charge transfer complexes, resonance, hyperconjugation, inductive and field effects, hydrogen bonding.
• Mechanism of Organic Reactions: Curved arrow notation, drawing electron movement with arrows, half-headed and double headed arrow, homolytic and heterolytic bond breaking. Types of reagents, electrophiles
  and nucleophiles. Types of organic reactions, Energy considerations.
• Reactive Intermediates—Carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with examples). Assigning formal charges on intermediates and other ionic species. Methods of determination of reaction mechanism (product analysis, intermediates, isotope effects, Kinetic and stereochemical studies).

Unit-II:

• Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: Concept of isomerism, types of isomerism.
• Optical Isomerism—Elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centre, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centres diastereomers, threo and erythro diastereomers. Meso compounds, resolution of enantiomers, inversion, retention and recemization.
• Relative and absolute configuration: Sequence rules, D & L and R & S systems of nomenclature.
• Geometric Isomerism: Determination of configuration of geometric isomers, E & Z systems of nomenclature, geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds.
• Conformational Isomerism: Conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane, conformations of cyclohexane, axial and equatorial bond, conformation of mono substituted cyclohexane derivatives. Newman
  projection and sawhorse formulae, Difference between configuration and conformation.

Unit-III:

• Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Alkanes: Nomenclature of branched and unbranched alkanes, alkyl group,
  classification of carbon atoms in alkanes. Isomerism in alkanes, sources, methods of preparation (with special reference of Wurtz reaction, Kolbe reaction, Corey-House reaction and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids).
  Physical properties and chemical reaction of alkanes. Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes orientation, reactivity and selectivity. Cycloalkanes: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, chemical reactions, Baeyer’s strain theory and its limitations, Ring strains in small rings (cyclopropane and cyclobutane), theory of strainless rings. The case of cyclopropane ring: banana bonds.

Unit-IV:

• Alkenes, Cycloalkenes, Dienes and Alkynes: Alkenes, Cycloalkenes and Dienes: Nomenclature of alkenes, methods of preparation, mechanisms of dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halide, regioselectivity in alcohol dehydration. The Saytzeff rule, Hofmann elimination, physical properties and relative stabilities of alkenes. Chemical reactions of alkenes-mechanisms involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radical additions, Markownikoff’s rule, hydroboration-oxidation, oxymercutation-reduction. Epoxidation, ozonolysis, hydration, hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO4, Polymerization of alkenes. Substitution at the allylic and vinylic positions of alkenes. Industrial applications of ethylene and propene. Methods of formation, conformation and chemical reactions of cycloalkenes. Nomenclature and classification of dienes : isolated, conjugated and cumulated dienes. Structure of allenes and butadiene, methods of preparation, polymerization. Chemical reactions 1,2- and 1,4 additions, Diels-Alder reaction.
  Alkynes: Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of preparation. Chemical reactions alkynes, acidity of alkynes. Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions, hydroboration-oxidation, metal-ammonia reductions, oxidation and polymerizations.

Unit-V:

• Arenes and Aromaticity Alkyl and Aryl Halides: Arenes and Aromaticity: Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. The aryl group. Aromatic nucleus and side chain. Structure of benzene: molecular formula and Kekule structure. Stability. Aromaticity: The Huckle’s rule, aromatic ions. Aromatic electrophilic substitution: General pattern of the mechanism, role of π and σ complexes. Mechanism of nitration, halogenation,
  sulphonation, mercuration and Friedel-Crafts reaction, energy profile diagrams. Activating and deactivating substituents, orientation and otho/para ratio. Side chain reactions of benzene derivatives. Birch reduction.
• Alkyl and Aryl Halides: Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, methods of preparation, chemical reactions. Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alky halides, Sn2 and Sn1 reactions with energy profile diagrams.
• Polyhalogen compounds: Chloroform, Carbon tetrachloride. Methods of preparation of aryl halides, nuclear and side chain reactions. The addition, elimination and the elimination-addition mechanism of nucleophilic
  aromatic substitution reactions. Relative reactivities of alkyl vs. allyl, vinyl and aryl halides. Synthesis and use of D.D.T. and B.H.C.

कार्बनिक रसायन विज्ञान Organic Chemistry Book Syllabus For Jai Narayan Vyas University Jodhpur B.Sc. I Paper-II-CH-102

Unit-I:

• Mechanism of Organic Reactions: Classification of organic compounds, their general characteristics. Types of reagents—electrophiles and nucleophiles. Types of organic reactions. Reactive intermediates—carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with examples). Assigning formal charges on intermediates and other ionic species. Methods of determination of reactions mechanism
  (product analysis, intermediates, isotope effects, kinetic and stereochemical studies).

Unit-II:

• Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: Concept of isomerism. Types of isomerism Optical isomerism—elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centre, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, diastereomers, threo and erythro diastereomers, meso compounds, resolution of enantiomers, inversion, retention and racemization. Relative and absolute configuration, sequence rules, D & L and R & S systems of nomenclature. Geometric isomerism : Determination of configuration of geometric isomers. E & Z system of nomenclature, geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds. Conformational isomerism : Newman projection and Sawhorse formulae, Fischer and flying wedge formulae. Difference between configuration and conformation. Conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane; conformations of cyclohexane, axial and equatorial bonds, conformation of mono substituted cyclohexane derivatives.

Unit-III:

• Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, Alkenes, Dienes and Alkynes: Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes : orientation, reactivity and selectivity; Cycloalkanes—nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions, Baeyer’s strain theory and its limitations. Ring strain in small rings (cyclopropane and cyclobutane), theory of strainless rings. The case of cyclopropane ring : banana bonds. Nomenclature and classification of dienes : isolated, conjugated and cumulated dienes. Structure of allenes and butadiene, methods of formation, polymerization. Chemical reactions—1,2-and 1,4-additions, Diels-Alder reaction. Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of formation. Chemical reactions of alkynes, acidic nature of 1-alkynes. Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions, hydroboration-oxidation, oxidation and polymerization.

Unit-IV:

• Arenes and Aromaticity: Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. Aryl group. Aromatic nucleus and side chain, Structure of benzene : molecular formula and Kekule structure, Stability and carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance structure, MO picture. Aromaticity: The Huckel rule, aromatic ions.
  Aromatic electrophilic substitution—general pattern of the mechanism, role of α- and π-complexes. Mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, mercuration and Friedel-Crafts reaction. Energy profile diagrams. Activating and deactivating substituents, orientation and ortho/para ratio. Side chain reactions of benzene derivatives. Birch reduction. Methods of formation and chemical reactions of alkylbenzenes, Structure, preparation and properties of naphthalene.

Unit-V:

• Alkyl and Aryl Halides: Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, methods of formation, chemical reactions. Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides, Sn2 and Sn1 reactions with energy profile diagrams. Mechanism of elimination reactions of alkyl halides, regioselectivity in dehydrohalogenation, Saytzeff rule. Methods of formation of aryl halides, nuclear and side chain reactions. The addition-elimination and the elimination-addition mechanisms of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
• Relative reactivities of alkyl halides vs. allyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards nucleophilic-substitution reactions. Synthesis and uses of DDT and BHC.

कार्बनिक रसायन विज्ञान Organic Chemistry Book Syllabus For Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner B.Sc. I Paper-II

Unit-I:

• Structure and Bonding: Hybridization, bond lengths and bond angles. Bond energy, localized and delocalized chemical bond, vander Waals interactions, inclusion compounds, clathrates, charge transfer complexes, resonance, hyperconjugation, aromaticity, inductive and field effects, hydrogen bonding.
• Mechanisms of Organic Reactions: Curved arrow notation, drawing electron movements with arrows, half headed and double headed arrows, homolytic and heterolytic bond breaking. Types of reagents electrophiles
  and nucleophiles. Type of organic reactions, energy considerations. Reactive intermediates—carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with examples). Assigning formal charges on
  intermediates and other ionic species. Methods of determination of reaction mechanism (product analysis),
  intermediates, isotope effect. Kinetic and stereochemical studies).

Unit-II:

• Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: Concept of isomerism, types of isomerism. Optical isomerism—elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centre, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centres, diastereomers, threo and erythro diastereomers, meso compounds, resolution of enantiomers, inversion, retention and racemization.
  Relative and absolute, configuration, sequence rules, D & L and R & S systems of nomenclature. Geometric isomerism—determination of configuration of geometric isomers, E & Z system of nomenclature, geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds. Conformational isomerism—conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane. Conformations of cyclohexane, axial and equatorial bonds, conformation of mono substituted cyclohexane derivatieves. Newman projection and Sawhorse formulae, Fischer and flying wedge formulae.
  Difference between configuration and conformation.

Unit-III:

• Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: IUPAC nomenclature of branched and unbranched alkanes, the alkyl group, classification of carbon atoms in alkanes. Isomerism in alkanes, sources, methods of formation (with special
  reference to Wurtz reaction, Kolbe reaction, Corey-House reaction and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids), physical properties and chemical reactions of alkanes. Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes : Orientation, reactivity and selectivity. Cycloalkanes—nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions, Baeyer’s strain theory and its limitations, ring strains in small rings (cyclopropane and cyclobutane), theory of strainless rings. The case of cyclopropane ring : banana bonds.

Unit-IV:

• Alkanes, Cycloalkenes, Dienes and Alkynes : Nomenclature of alkenes, methods of formation, Mechanisms of dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides regio selectivity in alcohol
  dehydration. The Saytzeffs rule, Hofmann elimination, physical properties and relative stabilities of alkenes.
  Chemical reactions of alkenes—mechanism involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radical additions, Markownikoff’s rule, hydroboration, oxidation, oxymecuration-reduction, epoxidation, ozonolysis, hydration, dehydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO4, Polymerization of alkenes. Substitution of the allylic and vinylic positions of alkenes, Industrial applications of ethylene and propene. Methods of formation, confirmation and chemical reactions of cycloalkenes. Nomenclature and classification of Dienes : Isolated, conjugated and cumulated dienes. Structure of allenes and butadiene, methods of formation, polymerization. Chemical reactions-1, 2- and 1,4-additions, Diels-Alder reaction. Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of formation. Chemical reaction of alkynes, acidity of alkynes. Mechanism of electrophilic
  and nucleophilic addition reactions, hydroboration-oxidation, metal ammonia reductions, oxidation and polymerizations.

Unit-V:

• Arenes and Aromaticity: Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. The aryl group. Aromatic nucleus and side chain, structure of benzene : Molecular formula and Kekule structure, stability and carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance structure, MO picture. Aromaticity : The Huckel rule, aromatic ions.
  Aromatic electrophilic substitution—general pattern of the mechanism, role of σ and π complexes. Mechanism of nitration, halogenation sulphonation, mercuration and Friedel-Crafts reactions, energy profile diagrams.
  Activating & deactivating substituents, orientation and ortho/para ratio, side chain reactions of benzene derivatives. Birch reduction. Methods of formation and chemical reactions of alkyl benzenes, alkynyl
  benzenes and biphenyl.
• Alkyl and Aryl Halides: Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, methods of formation, chemical reactions. Mechanisms, nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides, Sn2 and Sn1 reactions with energy profile diagrams. Polyhalogen compounds : Chloroform, carbon tetrachloride. Methods of formation of aryl halides, nuclear and side chain reactions. The addition-elimination and the elimination-addition mechanisms of nucleophillic aromatic substitution reactions. Relative reactivities of alkyl vs. allyl, vinyl and aryl halides. Synthesis and uses of D. D. T. and B. H. C.

कार्बनिक रसायन विज्ञान Organic Chemistry Book Syllabus For M.D.S. University, Ajmer of B.Sc. I Paper-II

• Structure and Bonding: Hybridization, bond lengths and bond angles, bond energy, localized and delocalized chemical bond, vander Waals interactions, inclusion compounds, clathrates, charge transfer complexes, resonance, hyperconjugation, aromaticity, inductive and field effects, hydrogen bonding.
• Mechanism of Organic Reactions: Curved arrow notation, drawing electron movements with arrows, half-headed and double headed arrows, homolytic and heterolytic bond breaking. Types of reagents-electrophiles
  and nucleophiles. Types of organic reactions. Energy considerations, Reactive intermediates-carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with example). Assigning formal charges on intermediates and other ionic species.
• Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: Concept of isomerism. Types of isomerism. Optical isomerism—elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enatiomers, stereogenic centre, optical activity, properties of
  enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centres, diastereomers, threo and erythro diastereomers, meso compounds, resolution of enantiomers, inversion, retention and racemization.
  Relative and absolute configuration, sequence rules, D & L and R & S systems of nomenclature.
  Geometric isomerism-determination of configuration of geometric isomers, E & Z system of nomenclature, geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds. Conformational isomerism—conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane; conformations of cyclohexane, axial and equatorial bonds, conformation of mono substituted cyclohexane derivatives. Newman projection and Sawhorse formulae, Fischer and flying wedge formulae. Difference between configuration and conformation.
• Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: IUPAC nomenclature of branched and unbranched alkanes, the alkyl group, classification of carbon atoms in alkanes. Isomerism in alkanes, sources, methods of formation (with special
  reference to Wurtz reaction, Kolbe reaction, Corey-House reaction and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids), physical properties and chemical reactions of alkanes. Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes : orientation, reactivity and selectivity; Cycloalkanes—nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions, Baeyer’s strain theory and its limitations, Ring strain in small rings (cyclopropane and cyclobutane), theory of strainless rings. The case of cyclopropane ring : banana bonds.
• Alkenes: Nomenclature of alkenes, methods of formation, mechanism of dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, regioselectivity in alcohol dehydration. The Saytzeff rule, Hofmann
  elimination, physical properties and relative stabilities of alkenes. Chemical reactions of alkenes—mechanisms involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radical additions. Markownikoff’s rule, hydroboration-oxidation, oxymercuration-reduction, Epoxidation, ozonolysis, hydration hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO4. Polymerization of alkenes. Substitution at the allylic and vinylic positions of alkenes. Industrial applications of ethylene and propene.
• Cycloalkenes, Dienes and Alkynes: Methods of formation, conformation and chemical reactions of cycloalkenes. Nomenclature and classification of dienes : isolated, conjugated and cumulated dienes. Structure of allenes and butadiene, methods of formation, polymerization. Chemical reactions-1, 2 and 1, 4-additions, Diels-Alder’s reaction. Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of formation.
  Chemical reactions of alkynes, acidity of alkynes. Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions, hydroboration-oxidation, metal-ammonia reductions, oxidation and polymerization.
• Arenes and aromaticity: Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. The aryl group. Aromatic nucleus and side chain. Structure of benzene : molecular formula and Kekule structure. Stability and carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance structure, MO picture. Aromaticity : the Huckle rule, aromatic ions.
• Aromatic electrophilic substitution: General pattern of the mechanism, role of σ and π Complexes. Mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, mercuration and Friedel-Crafts reaction. Energy profile
  diagrams. Activating and deactivating substituents, orientation and ortho/para ratio. Side chain reactions of benzene derivatives. Birch reduction. Methods of formation and chemical reactions of alkylbenzenes, alkynylbenzenes and biphenyl.
• Alkyl and Aryl Halides: Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, Methods of formation, chemical reaction. Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides, Sn2 and Sn1 reactions with energy
  profile diagrams. Polyhalogen compounds : chloroform, carbon tetrachloride. Methods of formation of aryl halides, nuclear and side chain reactions. The addition elimination and the elimination-addition mechanisms of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Relative reactivities of alkyl halides vs. allyl, vinyl and aryl halides. Synthesis and uses of DDT and BHC.

कार्बनिक रसायन विज्ञान Organic Chemistry Book विषय-सूची

1. संरचना एवं बन्धन
2. रासायनिक अभिक्रियाओं की क्रियाविधि
3. त्रिविम रसायन विज्ञान
4. ऐल्केन
5. साइक्लोऐल्केन
6. ऐल्कीन
7. साइक्लोऐल्कीन
8. डाइईन
9. ऐल्काइन
10. ऐरीन तथा ऐरोमैटिकता
11. ऐल्किल हैलाइड
12. ऐरिल हैलाइड

The post कार्बनिक रसायन विज्ञान (Organic Chemistry) appeared first on Sahitya Bhawan Publications.