Unit-I
Introduction : Problem of scarcity and choice : scarcity, choice and opportunity cost; production possibility frontier; economic systems. Demand and supply : law of demand, determinants of demand, shifts of demand versus movements along a demand curve, market demand, law of supply, determinants of supply, shifts of supply versus movements along a supply curve, market
supply, market equilibrium. Applications of demand and supply : price rationing, price floors, consumer surplus, producer surplus.
Elasticity : price elasticity of demand, calculating elasticity, determinants of price elasticity, other elasticities.
Unit-II
Consumer Theory : Budget constraint, concept of utility, diminishing marginal utility, Diamondwater paradox, income and substitution effects; consumer choice : indifference curves, derivation of demand curve from indifference curve and budget constraint.
Unit-III
Production and Costs :
(a) Production: behaviour of profit maximizing firms, production process, production functions, law of variable proportions, choice of technology, isoquant and isocost lines, cost minimizing equilibrium condition.
(b) Costs : costs in the short run, costs in the long run, revenue and profit maximizations, minimizing losses, short run industry supply curve, economies and diseconomies of scale, long run adjustments.

PART-II

Unit-IV
Market Structures :
(a) Perfect Competition : Assumptions—theory of a firm under perfect competition, demand and revenue; equilibrium of the firm in the short run and long run; long run industry supply curve: increasing, decreasing and constant cost industries. Welfare : allocative efficiency under perfect competition.
(b) Imperfect Competition
Monopolistic competition—Assumptions, SR & LR price and output determinations under monopolistic competition, economic efficiency and resource allocation; Oligopoly : assumptions, oligopoly models, game theory, contestable markets, role of government.
Unit-V
Theory of a Monopoly Firm :
Concept of imperfect competition; short run and long run price and output decisions of a monopoly firm; concept of a supply curve under monopoly; comparison of perfect competition and monopoly, social cost of monopoly, price discrimination; remedies for monopoly: Antitrust laws, natural monopoly.
Unit-VI
Consumer and Producer Theory :
(a) Consumer and Producer Theory in Action : Externalities, marginal cost pricing, internalising externalities, public goods; imperfect information : adverse selection, moral hazard, social choice, government inefficiency.
(b) Markets and Market Failure : Market adjustment to changes in demand, efficiency of perfect competition; sources of market failure : imperfect markets, public goods, externalities, imperfect information; evaluating the market mechanism.
Unit-VII
Income Distribution and Factor pricing :
Input markets: demand for inputs; labour markets, land markets, profit maximisation condition in input markets, input demand curves, distribution of Income.
Unit-VIII
International Trade :
Absolute advantage, comparative advantage, terms of trade, sources of comparative advantage, trade barriers, free trade/protectionism.

विषय-सूचि

1. दुर्लभता तथा चयन (या चुनाव) की समस्या
2. अवसर लागत
3. उत्पादन संगभवना सीमा (या वक्र)
4. आर्थिक प्रणालियां
5. मांग तथा मांग का नियम
6. मांग की लोच
7. पूर्ति का नियम
8. पूर्ति की लोच
9. बाजार सन्तुलन या सन्तुलन कीमत
10. मांग एवं पूर्ति के अनुप्रयोग
11. उपभोक्ता सिद्धान्त : उपयोगिता विशलेषण
12. तटस्थता वक्र विशलेषण
13. तटस्थता वक्र विशलेषण द्वारा उपभोकता का सन्तुलन
14. तटस्थता वक्र विशलेषण (आय प्रभाव व प्रतिस्थापन प्रभाव तथा मांग वक्र की व्युतपत्ति )
15. बजट प्रतिबंध
16. लाभ-मैक्जिमाइजेशन फर्मों का व्यवहार
17. उत्पादन प्रक्रिया (उत्पादन फलन, परिवर्तनशील अनुपातों का नियम)
18. प्रौद्योगिकी का चुनाव
19. समोत्पाद वक्र विशलेषण (सम लागत रेखा तथा उत्पादक का सन्तुलन)
20. लागत-विशलेषण (अल्पकालीन एवं दीघर्कालीन लागत )
21. आगम विशलेषण
22. लाभ अधिकतमकरण व हानि न्यूनीकरण
23. पैमाने की बचतें
24. पूर्ण प्रतियोगिता के अन्तर्गत अल्पकालीन और दीर्घकालीन पूर्ति वक्र
25. फार्म का संतुलन
26. पूर्ण प्रतियोगिता के अंतर्गत फर्म का सिद्धान्त (अल्पकालीन एवं दीर्घकालीन सन्तुलन )
27. पूर्ण प्रतियोगिता के अन्तर्गत आबंटनात्मक कुशलता
28. दीर्घकालीन सन्तुलन हेतु पूर्ण प्रतियोगी फर्म का समायोजन
29. एकाधिकृत प्रतियोगिता (कीमत एवं उत्पादन निर्धारण तथा आर्थिक कुशलता एवं संसाधान आबंटन)
30. अपूर्ण प्रतियोगिता की अवधारणा
31. एकाधिकार (कीमत तथा उत्पादन निर्धारण और नियमन)
32. कीमत विभेद
33. एकाधिकार की सामाजिक लागत
34. अल्पाधिकार : मान्यतांए तथा अल्पाधिकार मॉडल
35. खेल सिद्धान्त
36. प्रतिस्पर्धी बाजारों का सिद्धान्त
37. सरकार की भूमिका
38. एकाधिकार के उपचार (ट्रस्ट-विरोधी नियम, प्राकृतिक एकाधिकार)
39. व्यवहार में उपभोक्ता तथा उत्पादक सिद्धान्त
40. बाजार विफलता
41. आय वितरण तथा साधन कीमत निर्धारण
42. अन्तराष्ट्रीय व्यापार (अर्थ, आवश्यकता, महत्व एवं प्रभाव)
43. अन्तराष्ट्रीय व्यापार के सिद्धान्त (निरपेक्ष लाभ का सिद्धान्त तथा सापेक्ष लाभ का सिद्धान्त)
44. व्यापार की शर्ते
45. व्यापार बधाएं (प्रशुल्क एवं गैर-प्रशुल्क बधाएं)
46. स्वतन्त्र व्यापार बनाम संरक्षण

The post व्यष्टि अर्थशास्त्र के सिध्दान्त (Principles of Micro Economics) appeared first on Sahitya Bhawan Publications.

Unit-I
Introduction : Problem of scarcity and choice : scarcity, choice and opportunity cost; production possibility frontier; economic systems. Demand and supply : law of demand, determinants of demand, shifts of demand versus movements along a demand curve, market demand, law of supply, determinants of supply, shifts of supply versus movements along a supply curve, market
supply, market equilibrium. Applications of demand and supply : price rationing, price floors, consumer surplus, producer surplus.

Elasticity : price elasticity of demand, calculating elasticity, determinants of price elasticity,other elasticities.

Unit-II
Consumer Theory : Budget constraint, concept of utility, diminishing marginal utility, Diamondwater paradox, income and substitution effects; consumer choice : indifference curves, derivation of demand curve from indifference curve and budget constraint. Theory of Revealed Preference.
Unit-III
Production and Costs :
(a) Production: behaviour of profit maximizing firms, production process, production functions, law of variable proportions, choice of technology, isoquant and isocost lines, cost minimizing equilibrium condition.
(b) Costs : costs in the short run, costs in the long run, revenue and profit maximizations, minimizing losses, short run industry supply curve, economies and diseconomies of scale, long run adjustments.

PART-II

Unit-IV
Market Structures :
(a) Perfect Competition : Assumptions—theory of a firm under perfect competition, demand and revenue; equilibrium of the firm in the short run and long run; long run industry supply curve: increasing, decreasing and constant cost industries. Welfare : allocative efficiency under perfect competition.
(b) Imperfect Competition
Monopolistic competition—Assumptions, SR & LR price and output determinations under monopolistic competition, economic efficiency and resource allocation; Oligopoly : assumptions, oligopoly models, game theory, contestable markets, role of government.
Unit-V
Theory of a Monopoly Firm :
Concept of imperfect competition; short run and long run price and output decisions of a monopoly firm; concept of a supply curve under monopoly; comparison of perfect competition and monopoly, social cost of monopoly, price discrimination; remedies for monopoly: Antitrust laws, natural monopoly.
Unit-VI
Consumer and Producer Theory :
(a) Consumer and Producer Theory in Action : Externalities, marginal cost pricing, internalising externalities, public goods; imperfect information : adverse selection, moral hazard, social choice, government inefficiency.
(b) Markets and Market Failure : Market adjustment to changes in demand, efficiency of perfect competition; sources of market failure : imperfect markets, public goods, externalities, imperfect information; evaluating the market mechanism.
Unit-VII
Income Distribution and Factor pricing :
Input markets : demand for inputs; labour markets, land markets, profit maximisation condition in input markets, input demand curves, distribution of Income.
Unit-VIII
Welfare Economics : Concept & Definition of Welfare Economics. Normative & Positive Economics. Concepts of Social Welfare. Role of Value Judgment in Welfare Economics, Individual & Social Welfare. Pareto Optimality, Conditions of Pareto Optimality. New Welfare Economics : KaldorHicks Welfare Criterion. Scitovsky Paradox & Scitovsky’s Double Criterion. Grand Utility Possibility Frontier. Social Welfare Funtion, Theories of Social Choice.

The post व्यष्टि अर्थशास्त्र के सिद्धान्त (Principles of Micro Economics) appeared first on Sahitya Bhawan Publications.