Advanced Statistics

• Statistics is playing a very useful role in the field of business management. The basic problem of the management is to finalise decisions in the midst of uncertainty and statistical methods have the capacity to provide help in taking wise decisions in such an environment. It is not an exaggeration to say that today nearly every decision in business is made with the aid of statistical data and statistical tools. In this context Statistics as a core subject has acquired prominence in the curriculum of B.Com. (Hons.) Examination. The present text has been planned and designed especially to cope with the needs of students of B.Com. (Hons.) Second Year of various Universities of Madhya Pradesh and to present the subject of technical and mathematical nature in a very simple language and lucid style.

Salient features of the Advanced Statistics Book:

• The subject-matter has been arranged and systematised strictly according to the latest syllabus.
• The language and style of presentation are so simple that even a student without having mathematical background may understand statistical formulae, their explanations, notations and applications conveniently. Mathematical complexity has been avoided as far as possible and wherever desirable the notations and terminology have been explained in detail.
• It covers theoretical concepts as well as practical application of various statistical measurements. The numerical illustrations have been carefully graded with supporting theoretical background. Moreover, all numerical problems and questions have been arranged in a systematic and scientific sequence from simple to complex.
• Illustrations and questions both have been arranged in the identical sequence so that students can easily solve the questions after understanding the illustrations in the same order.
• Short answer and objective type questions (Theoretical as well as Numerical) have been incorporated according to new examination pattern.
• Step-wise detailed answers have been given at the end of each question and at the end of each chapter, all formulae relevant to that chapter have been given at one place.

Advanced Statistics Book New Syllabus For B.Com (Hons.) II Year of Awadhesh Pratap Singh University Rewa (APSU), Barkatullah University Bhopal, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya Jabalpur (RDVV), Vikram University Ujjain, Dr Harisingh Gour University Sagar (DHGU)
as Per New Year-wise Syllabus of  B.Com. (Hons.) Second Year Effective from Session 2018-2019

Unit 1: Introduction to Statistics, Concept of Population and Sample,Types of data, Primary and Secondary data, Collection of data,Organization of data – Frequency tables and Frequency Distributions. Presentation of Data – Bar Diagram, Pie Diagram, Line Graph, Histograms and Frequency Polygons.

Unit 2: Measures of Central Tendency – Mean, Mode, Median and Geometric Mean. Measures of Dispersion – Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation and Basic Concept of Skewness and Kurtosis.

Unit 3: Theory of Probability – Experiments, Sample Spaces and Events, Addition and Multiplication The or um, Conditional Probability – Concept of Discrete and Continuous Random Variables. Probability Distributions – Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distributions.

Unit 4: Sample Distribution – Concept Parameter and Statistic. Sampling Distribution of Mean and Central Limit theorem, Point and Interval estimation of a Population Mean (Large and Small Sample Case).Basic Concepts of Hypothesis testing. Hypothesis Tests base don a Single Sample for Mean and Proportion – Z test, T test.

Unit 5: Correlation – Meaning, Definition and Types of Correlation.Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation, Coefficient of determination, Sperman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. Sample Linear Regression – Lines of Regression (Estimating Lines).Regression Coefficients and their Properties. Application of regression in forecasting.

Unit 1 Introduction to Statistics, Concept of Population and Sample,Types of data, Primary and Secondary data, Collection of data,Organization of data – Frequency tables and Frequency Distributions. Presentation of Data – Bar Diagram, Pie Diagram, Line Graph, Histograms and Frequency Polygons.

Unit 2 Measures of Central Tendency – Mean, Mode, Median and Geometric Mean. Measures of Dispersion – Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation and Basic Concept of Skewness and Kurtosis.

Unit 3 Theory of Probability – Experiments, Sample Spaces and Events, Addition and Multiplication The or um, Conditional Probability – Concept of Discrete and Continuous Random Variables. Probability Distributions – Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distributions.

Unit 4 Sample Distribution – Concept Parameter and Statistic. Sampling Distribution of Mean and Central Limit theorem, Point and Interval estimation of a Population Mean (Large and Small Sample Case).Basic Concepts of Hypothesis testing. Hypothesis Tests base don a Single Sample for Mean and Proportion – Z test, T test.

Unit 5 Correlation – Meaning, Definition and Types of Correlation.Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation, Coefficient of determination, Sperman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. Sample Linear Regression – Lines of Regression (Estimating Lines).Regression Coefficients and their Properties. Application of regression in forecasting.

Advanced Statistics Book Contents:

1. Introduction: Meaning, Definitions, Significance, Scope and Limitations of Statistics
2. Statistical Investigation
3. Census and Sampling Methods of Investigation
4. Collection of Primary and Secondary Data (Including Questionnaire and Schedule)
5. Editing of Collected Data: Statistical Errors and Approximation
6. Classification and Tabulation of Data
7. Analysis and Interpretation of Data
8. Frequency Distributions and Statistical Series
9. Diagrammatical and Graphical Presentation
10. Graphs of Frequency Distributions
11. Statistical Averages: Measures of Central Tendency
12. Partition Values: Quartiles and Percentiles
13. Dispersion and Its Measures
14. Skewness and Its Coefficients/ Measures
    Correlation
15. Linear Regression
16. Moments and Kurtosis
17. Sampling Theory and Hypothesis Testing
18. Tests of Significance: Large Samples
19. Test of Significance: Small Samples: Application of T-Test, Z-Test and F-Test
20. Probability (Including Bayes’ Theorem)
21. Probability Theoretical Distribution: Binominal Poisson and Normal
    ● Log, Anti-Log and Other Tables